What impact did the pursuit of an aggressive foreign policy have on the Italian people, 1922-39 Essay Example

What impact did the pursuit of an aggressive foreign policy have on the Italian people, 1922-39? Essay After being appointed Prime Minister by the King Victor Emmanuel in October 1922, Benito Mussolini went about establishing a firm dictatorship. Soon after he was declared PM, he enforced an aggressive foreign policy that would have major effects, both positive and negative, on the Italian people. Through his foreign policy, Mussolini wanted to make Italy a respectable, powerful country. He wanted to dominate the Mediterranean by breaking free of the bars that Britain and France had enforced and part of Africa, especially Abyssinia, believing that land was available for Italy to expand into and increase its Empire. Mussolinis aggressive foreign policy first became clear during the Corfu incident of August 1923. After heavily bombarding the Greek island and killing at least 15 civilians, the Italians were ordered to withdraw by the League of Nations and Greece were made to apologise and pay the reparations of 50 million lira. With the Italians withdrawing from Corfu, they had not gained any land however, it was still seen as a victory by the Italian people and it meant that Mussolini had gained more support to launch further attacks in the future. Mussolinis aggressiveness again continued into 1935 where he launched his attack on Abyssinia, the main reasons behind it being to increase Italian prestige and to develop the cult of the Duce. There was also the possibility that oil was available in the African country. At first, there was much support for the war. It was popular amongst the Italian people as they too, like Mussolini, wanted Italy to increase its empire. However, resources soon became low and Mussolini appealed to the Italian people to help provide the resources Italy required. He launched the campaign of women donating their wedding rings in return for a tin replica. The gold that was collected from these rings could then be used to gain money to provide more resources for the Italian attack. The campaign was extremely successful with over 250,000 women in Rome alone donating their rings. This showed that there was a sense of war pride amongst the Italian people, supporting the war in a bid of Italy increasing its empire. We will write a custom essay sample on What impact did the pursuit of an aggressive foreign policy have on the Italian people, 1922-39? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What impact did the pursuit of an aggressive foreign policy have on the Italian people, 1922-39? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What impact did the pursuit of an aggressive foreign policy have on the Italian people, 1922-39? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Italy successfully took over Abyssinia in May 1936 despite the sanctions that had been placed on them by the League of Nations. These sanctions which included steel, iron and coal were applied in a bid to prevent Mussolini from being able to continue fighting the war. However, the L.O.N. did not apply the sanction of oil and this is what allowed Mussolini to continue producing the industrial requirements for the war. It was a great victory and was possibly Mussolinis finest hour. He was arguably at the peak of his career. The sanctions that the league applied had rallied the nation together and the people of Italy felt that they had each played a part in the victory. Thousands of people attended Mussolinis speech in Rome announcing the new empire. There was a real sense of pride amongst the people and they strongly believed that Italy was on the way up. However, what first seemed like a strong victory actually turned out to have a massive effect on Italy. The Abyssinian war was very costly and the budget deficit rose from 2.5billion lire to 16 billion lire after the war meaning that there was less government spending available to the people of Italy. There was a drain on military resources which we were desperately needed if Italy were to go to war with Britain and France and in 1936, the lira devalued by 40 per cent. Although there was a sense of national pride amongst Italy for claiming the Abyssinian Empire, no-one actually enlisted to fight in it. This shows how if anything, the war was quite unpopular. In conclusion, Mussolini didnt really gain that much from the invasion of Abyssinia. It did bring the nation together at first, through mass speeches and the wedding ring campaign however it had more of a negative than positive effect on the Italian people in the long run due to the massive costs which affected the economy and de valued the lira. As well as this, Italy had to fight a guerrilla war until Abyssinia was lost to the British in 1941 showing how Italy didnt even gain the Abyssinian empire and were constantly battling against rebels, meaning more costs were used, to try and claim it. After asserting his power in Abyssinia, Mussolini now looked to help the Spanish right-wing governments during the Spanish civil war in 1936-39. By supporting the right-wing government, Mussolini hoped to extend the Fascist influence in Spain, believing a defeat of the left-wing could be seen as another glorious triumph for Fascism amongst the Italian people. Mussolinis commitment was very strong and by 1937, he had applied 50,000 troops, 950 tanks, 7663 motor vehicles and 91 warships. Over 14 billion lira had been spent. However, similar to the Abyssinian war, there were both advantages and disadvantages to Italy becoming involved in the civil war. Mussolini had gained and ally in a strategic position and there was an improvement on the link between Italy and Nazi Germany. The Italian influence had been increased and Italy was on the winning side again. This meant that Mussolini could claim victory and this pleased the people in Italy as they believed that Italy was on the up, increasing its empire in Africa and improving its relationship with surrounding countries. However, yet again the war was very expensive to Italy. It cost 14 billion lira, which was half a years tax revenue so this meant that there could be less spending on Italy and its people back in the country. The lira became devalued and much of Italys weapons had been used. Italy was the only country with fewer weapons in 1939 than in 1936. This shows how their commitment in the Spanish civil war had made them unprepared for future world war. What first was seen as an excellent victory, actually turned out to have little gain for Italy, especially its people who did not achieve anything from it. Franco, the fascist leader of the Spanish right wing, only promised neutrality in any war between Italy and another power, not support. 6,000 people died and there was an increased tension with Britain who was already unhappy about the incident in Abyssinia. Looking at the Spanish civil war from a neutral point of view, it can be said that Mussolinis aggressive foreign policy had left the It alian economy in tatters and made Italy unprepared for future war. During these wars, propaganda and censorship were heavily applied to give the Italian people a false truth as to what was going on and to control the Italian peoples view of Mussolinis foreign policy. Propaganda was everywhere; newspapers, television, radio and posters were all sources for propaganda. For example, during the Abyssinian war, Mussolini said that his motive behind the attack was to civilise the people, however, by bombing Red Cross tents that were there to help the injured, it shows how Mussolini was not civilised himself so would be unable to civilise anyone else. The propaganda showed how Italy were civilising the Abyssinian people however censorship stopped the bombings of the Red Cross stations leaking into Italian media. Both were used again when the League of Nations applied sanctions on Italy. The Italian people were encouraged to work together to stay strong throughout the sanctions and after they had been lifted, many people saw Italy as being extremely powerfu l as they had won the war even with sanctions applied. This brought a real sense of nation pride amongst the people in Italy. As well as this, Mussolini highlighted the importance of Italy being the new roman empire. This was done to show the people how Italy was becoming as successful as what it once was during the time of roman Italy. Propaganda and censorship were there to censor what the Italian people saw and to give them a false truth so that the real motives behind Mussolinis foreign policy could be hidden and Italy could be portrayed as a powerful and dominant nation which would lead to more mass support in Italy. With Italy becoming more involved in wars and a future world war on the cards, Mussolini believed it was important to prepare the youths of Italy for future war as they were seen as the Fascists of the Future. Both boys and girls aged 6-21 were expected to become involved and they were trained very much like soldiers. They had to march, swear an oath to Mussolini and wear uniform. There was a real sense of them acting like an army and being untied with one another, with them becoming prepared to fight for Italy in future years to come. As well as this, Fascism also had an effect on children during their time in school. For example, third grade mathematics, for eight year olds, required children to answer questions like the glorious war in Africa lasted seven months. How many days is that? This highlights how Mussolini wanted to show to everyone in Italy what their country had achieved, battling in Africa to civilise the people. The cult of Mussolini was also present in schools with a portrait of him being displayed in every classroom showing how Mussolini and Fascism was everywhere. Throughout Mussolinis pursuit for an aggressive foreign policy, many things changed in Italy which had a serious effect on the Italian people. To begin with, the role of women was important in helping Italy become a powerful nation. For instance, the Battle for Births in 1927. The aims of this campaign were to increase Italys population from 37 million in 1920 to 60 million by 1950. This, according to Mussolini, would make Italy great and provide them with a substantial amount of soldiers for future wars in Mussolinis aggressive foreign policy plan. There was an increasing influence from the government to encourage people to marry and have as many children as possible in a family. For example, at a time where taxation was rising due to the heavy costs of the wars Italy were involved in, families did not have to pay income tax if they had 10 children or more. Contraceptives were limited and abortion was made illegal. The results from the Battle of Birth were average. Although the birt h rate continued to decline, the population rose to 45 million in 1940, and 47.5 million in 1950, 12.5 million short of the 60 million target. The average age of marriage rose and the marriage rate fell. This showed how although Mussolini stressed the importance of having a large amount of children in a marriage, many women did not agree and felt that he was trying to take their freedom away from them and simply use them as a reproducing tool. With Mussolini applying an aggressive foreign policy, he believed that it was important for Italy to become self sufficient or apply Autarky. This is when everything was produced for itself within the country. The reasons behind it were to increase nationalism, making Italy great and not dependant upon others, and also to prepare Italy for war. Mussolini increased controls on currency and used the government assistance to develop new products as import substitutes. However, autarky within Italy was impossible. There were virtually no coals supplies with little iron and no discovered oil meaning that the Italian relied on oil from Libya. By 1940, domestic production met only one-fifth of Italys raw material needs and there was an increase in prices and taxation which angered the Italian people as there had already been rises due to the wars and the high costs from them. So Mussolinis desire for Autarky was an unsuccessful one. It only led to even more increases in prices for products, which the Italian people were really beginning to struggle to afford. Also during Mussolinis aggressive foreign policy, he believed that it was important for the country of Italy to act as a welfare state. What this means is that the government is concerned with the welfare of its citizens although some argue how a dictator can run his/her country as a welfare state. The aims were to protect the interests of the people, to reduce the danger of unrest, to demonstrate a united nation and to prepare Italians for military success. Numerous amounts of propaganda were applied to help win support and show how Mussolini stressed the importance of looking after his people. The welfare state was funded by state taxations, with were already low due to costs of the wars, and levies on various organisations e.g. banks. There were particular measures behind the scheme including improving the health facilities within Italian hospitals, providing the Italian people with pensions, improving working conditions, setting up a childcare system and general welfare for suffering families. Also Mussolini was right to set up a welfare state within Italy, much of his aspirations were never achieved. There was an improvement to some hospitals in major cities although in many areas there were still no hospitals. There was no extension of a government pension scheme apart from minor improvements in 1939 and working conditions were not really improved although there were shorter working hours in 1934 but this was mainly to do with the depression. The question can be raised that if Italy didnt spend so much money on Abyssinia and other wars, then maybe more money would have been available to fund the welfare state. However, the Italian people would have been unaware of this due to the censorship and propaganda which hid what really went on. Mussolinis relationship with Hitler was gradually improving and it meant that although Mussolini was trying to improve the conditions for most Italians, he also made them worse for others. Initially, there was very little Anti-Semitism in Italy however in 1938 Mussolini introduced racist decrees discriminating Jews. This change in policy is usually seen as a reflection of Mussolinis subservience to Hitler. By showing support to Hitler, Mussolini hoped to better his relationship with Germany which could lead to Italy increasing its empire, if a war was fought and won. Radical laws were applied such as no Jewish children were allowed in state schools and there were to be no mixed marriages. Jewish teachers were not even allowed to teach in the state schools. These radical decrees raised mixed emotions in Italy. Many people resented them believing that Mussolini was being led by Hitler and the Pope was publicly critical as well as the King being privately critical. Although there were o nly 50,000 Jews in Italy at the time, it shows how Jews were becoming unwelcome in Italy and Mussolinis relationship with Hitler had caused him to act more and more like him. In conclusion, to answer the question above, you can see that Mussolinis aggressive foreign policy had a powerful effect on the Italian people. Although he strived to improve the conditions of Italy and make it a better place to live, through the welfare state, the economy was poor and there was little money available due to the high costs, especially in the Abyssinian war, which didnt really achieve anything. Large amounts of weapons had been used in the wars during Mussolinis aggressive foreign policy which left Italy unprepared for future world war. His foreign policy had a particularly dramatic effect on the Jewish people as his relationship with Hitler and determination to act like him caused Mussolini to discriminate against the Jews which before had even featured in his party. Mussolini was concerned about the future of Italy and used youth groups and Autarky to try and prepare the country for future wars. However, Autarky was impossible as oil had not even been discovered. Al though he strived for nation pride through achieving glorious triumphs across the Mediterranean, breaking free of the bars, and dominating in Africa, little was achieved and it only left Italy itself facing huge costs which led to high prices and taxation which the Italian people were faced to pay. If Mussolini had focused more on trying to improve the conditions of the people within his own country, rather than focusing on conquering others, then maybe there would have been mass support for him. Instead, by focusing on increasing his empire, he forgot about improving the state of Italy and its people.

Free Essays on Madrid, Spain

Culture There are exhibitions, concerts, plays, films, conferences, and musical performances of almost anything in Madrid. The most fascinating among them are the International Theatre Festival, the International Film Festival, the International Opera Festival, the festival called â€Å"The Summers of the City†, and the Autumn Festival together with the seasons performances at the theater La Zarzuela and the Jazz, Pop and Rock Festivals not forgetting the Fair for Contemporary Art called â€Å"Arco†. Attractions Madrid has a large number of museums, where the great masters of Spanish and universal paintings are found. There are also museums for sculpture, archaeology, science, and much much more. Such as the Museum of the Romantic Period, Natural Science Museum, City Museum, or the Royal Arsenal. Special Events There are many special events in Spain one of which is the book fair, which brings together the most important national publishers. Other festival occasions that are important to Spain and Spain’s surrounding that are officially considered of interest to tourists are: Corpus Christi in Toledo and the celebrations at Atienza (Guadalajara), Camunas (Toledo), Mora (Toledo), Zamarramala (Segovia), Hita (Guadalajara), Candeleda (Avila). Finally, there is the festival excursion to the shrine of the Virgin of Hontanares, an excursion called â€Å"Romeria† in Spanish, Which takes place at Riaza, and the â€Å"Romeria† of El Cristo del Caloco. Just to name some. Holiday In the second half of May, Madrid celebrates in honor of San Isidro. The celebration is accompanied by typical Madrid folklore, including Fairs and Dances that are organized on the meadow of San Isidro, where the people of Madrid sing, dance and enjoy themselves next to the Hermitage of their Patrol Saint. At the same time, there are ballet and opera performances as well as the traditional bull fights at the bullring of Las Ventas. There are many holidays, ... Free Essays on Madrid, Spain Free Essays on Madrid, Spain Culture There are exhibitions, concerts, plays, films, conferences, and musical performances of almost anything in Madrid. The most fascinating among them are the International Theatre Festival, the International Film Festival, the International Opera Festival, the festival called â€Å"The Summers of the City†, and the Autumn Festival together with the seasons performances at the theater La Zarzuela and the Jazz, Pop and Rock Festivals not forgetting the Fair for Contemporary Art called â€Å"Arco†. Attractions Madrid has a large number of museums, where the great masters of Spanish and universal paintings are found. There are also museums for sculpture, archaeology, science, and much much more. Such as the Museum of the Romantic Period, Natural Science Museum, City Museum, or the Royal Arsenal. Special Events There are many special events in Spain one of which is the book fair, which brings together the most important national publishers. Other festival occasions that are important to Spain and Spain’s surrounding that are officially considered of interest to tourists are: Corpus Christi in Toledo and the celebrations at Atienza (Guadalajara), Camunas (Toledo), Mora (Toledo), Zamarramala (Segovia), Hita (Guadalajara), Candeleda (Avila). Finally, there is the festival excursion to the shrine of the Virgin of Hontanares, an excursion called â€Å"Romeria† in Spanish, Which takes place at Riaza, and the â€Å"Romeria† of El Cristo del Caloco. Just to name some. Holiday In the second half of May, Madrid celebrates in honor of San Isidro. The celebration is accompanied by typical Madrid folklore, including Fairs and Dances that are organized on the meadow of San Isidro, where the people of Madrid sing, dance and enjoy themselves next to the Hermitage of their Patrol Saint. At the same time, there are ballet and opera performances as well as the traditional bull fights at the bullring of Las Ventas. There are many holidays, ...

Alliances of Ww1 Essay

war. The alliances were one of the long-term effects of world war one. All alliances started secretly before world war one but what made it significant is when it was clear after Austria declared war on Serbia, Russia declared war on Germany and Austria and the domino effect started, which in the end led to world war one. However, all these alliances in world war one were intended for defense against the expanding Germany army. While, in world war two the alliances were not used for defense†¦ Militarism- The military grew in competing countries. The contest between Germany and Britain at sea between Germany, France, Russia Alliance System- where big countries stayed together incase of a war. The triple alliance and leaders of big alliances acted reckless towards others. Imperialism- Ruling over a country. European countries ruled smaller countries, and competed with each other. Colonies became known as Imperialism. France and Britain had many colonies in Africa and Asia. Germany†¦ involved. The war drew in all the world's great economic powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Italy had also been a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance. These alliances were both reorganized and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the United States†¦ Events Leading to WW1 World War 1 was the start of changing times in the early 1900 's. This was a time for countries to draw a line in the sand and make a mark as to who would be the new world order. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was an heir to the country of Austria. Once Ferdinand became ruler, he proposed some policies that didn 't pass over well with the other leaders within Austria. One policy would aim at becoming 16 states rather than have Austria fade into the background of Hungary 's government†¦ by Gavril Principe, a Bosnian Serb citizen of Austria-Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare. The war was propagated by two major alliances. The Entente Powers initially consisted of France, the United Kingdom, Russia and their associated empires and dependencies. Numerous other states joined these allies†¦ IMPACTS OF WW1 ON AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY Almost a century has passed but Australia still identifies strongly with the Anzac ‘legend' that emerged during the First World War. Entering the war as a small outpost of the British Empire, no one would have anticipated the courage and tenacity displayed by the Australian troops or the extent to which their war efforts would become the foundation of our national identity. While it lacked large numbers of troops to contribute to the British war effort,†¦ World War 1 (WW1) World War One, the first of two wars which shook the very foundations of the earth. The war was as long as it was brutal, consisting of the world’s greatest powers vied against one another in a brutal, slow conflict. In this war there were the Central and Allied powers, which fought one another for both heroic and selfish reasons. All the while trying to maintain their land and nobilities from being threatened by the other side. The war had many various reasons for beginning,†¦ weapons.† â€Å" Alliances also contributed to the war because when they signed an alliance with another county they gave each other their help if they needed it. Then Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia. Germany declared war on France two days later; they went through Belgium, which was neutral. Great Britain declared war on Germany after France was attacked. Then Austria-Hungary declared war on England and WW1 began†(www.historyonthenet.com). â€Å"The countries that were involved in WW1 that were Central†¦ Impact of WW1 on Russia Social and economic: The war proved an economic disaster for Russia, the direct cost of war rose from 1,500 million roubles in 1914 to 14,500 million in 1918. And this was an expense of the rural or industrial workforce, thus production slumped and in any case in time of war the country needed to be producing more, not less to feed and supply its armies Military problems: Although the Russian government managed to mobilise around 15 million men between 14-17, mainly†¦ Although the alliance between the UK and the USA had been established for many centuries, especially in the shared cause in WW1, it wasn’t until 1944 that the term ‘special relationship’ was used to describe Anglo-American relations. Winston Churchill said in 1944 that â€Å"unless Britain and the United States are joined in a special relationship, another destructive war will come to pass† , this was the foundation of the term ‘special relationship’. After the American Declaration of Independence in†¦

Effective Documentation" and Electronic Medical Record Essay

Effective Documentation" and Electronic Medical Record - Essay Example EMR has also been essential in reducing medical errors and provision of safer care. However, the same presents with several challenges. Notably, some types of cybercrime such as social engineering are targeting EMR. Stealing of patient records or online transmission of the same to unauthorised persons is rampant. Unknown to me previously, there are federal laws that protect the rights of the patient concerning EMR. Patient data must be kept safe and secure (Guido, 2013). Every health care facility must have a means of assuring the patients of secure record keeping. Moreover, access to any information from EMR requires the patient’s consent or a court order. From both legal and nurses perspectives, EMR has enhanced documentation in the health care sector. Nurses find it easy to relate previous records with the current medical conditions (Page & Schadler, 2014). Indeed, record keeping remains now narrowed to soft computer files rather than hardcopy files that are difficult to sort out. The legal system has found means of protecting patient information because interference with patient electronic data remains easy to investigate (Simmons & Goldschmidt, 2014). Page, C. K., & Schadler, A. (2014). A Nursing Focus on EMR Usability Enhancing Documentation of Patient Outcomes.  Nursing Clinics Of North America,  49(Nursing-Sensitive Innovations in Patient Care), 81-90.

Discrimination against Women Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Discrimination against Women - Research Paper Example Women are faced with challenges from a very early age. It is not uncommon to instill the belief in girls that they are only suited for certain careers, while other careers are the domain of the men. Most women in developing countries are not even given equal opportunities than men in the most basic of all necessities. In a male chauvinist society, one that is common in the tribal areas of many developing countries, girls and women are treated as inferior, and men are given the preference in every aspect of life. Boys are made to go to school and acquire education. They are favored over girls in terms of the food that they eat, the opportunities that they get and the love that is showered over them. This also follows that families are major culprits in fostering such an attitude. History is rampant with examples of babies being buried alive on the account that they were girls. The birth of baby girls in conservative families in various parts of the world still buttresses the same atti tude. The UNICEF stated that in some countries, there is a clear preference of boys over girls embedded not only in the culture but also on the economic level. Furthermore, the UNICEF observed that the misuse of pregnancy diagnostic tools often culminates in the abortion of the fetus if it is a girl. This is relatively common in many parts of the world such as some parts of China and India. Parents will put up their children for adoption or will discard the fetus in early prenatal life on the grounds that it is a girl.

Eth125 R8 Diversity Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Eth125 R8 Diversity Worksheet Essay Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? Diversity means different. This can be a difference in cultures, goals, values, lifestyles, and ideas. There is not two people that will think or live alike. We need to learn to accept that others will do things and think different then we do. It is important to value our diversity in order to be able to work together. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is where people believe that they are better than others in an ethnic group, but it can also develop from racial or religious differences. This can cause problem by leading to false opinions about different cultures, maybe causing communication problems. 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is where people are exported from a country whether it is voluntary or not. Immigration is where people are coming into a new country to live as a permanent resident. Reasons that people might leave a country for one to another is that there may not be jobs there and even war can make people want to leave. 4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? There are four ways that groups are identified and they are race, religion, gender, and ethnicity. Racial group refers to minorities that are socially set apart because of obvious physical differences. Some examples would be the color of skin, the color of hair and maybe even the amount hair on the body. Religion groups vary worldwide. People should not be judged on the religion that they believe in. With gender it is said that males are the social majority and the women are the social minority. Ethnic groups are different because of the way cultural differences such as the food that they eat, the way that they raise their children, the language that they speak ,and even the way that they look at being married to somebody. 5. Why do people label and group other people? I would think that the reasons why people put others down would be that they want to make themselves look better and feel better about themselves. This can have a positive or negative effect on the person and the one that it is directed at. If it is positive it can help lead to the person or the group getting more confidence. If it is negative then it can lead to the group or individual becoming withdrawn from shame or bullying. 6. Define culture. Is culture limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds? Explain. The definition of culture is the characteristics of a certain group of people defined by everything such as the language they speak, the types of music that they listen to, the type of food that they eat, and the religion that they practice and believe in. I do not believe that it is limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds because every group is different in the way that they live and there is not right way or wrong way to live. Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed.) (Schaefer) chapter 1.

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful Es

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. The story is told through the eyes of nine-year-old Cassie Logan, who has to learn throughout the entire book, how harsh the world truly is for blacks. Cassie has to learn that it is a white man's world out there, and that black people don't have much of a say in what goes on in it. There are many events in this book which lead me to say how prejudiced our country was at that time. One thing that stays on my mind is the conflict between Cassie and Lillian Jean, a white girl about the same age as Cassie. During Cassie's first visit to the town of Strawberry, she accidentally bumps into Lillian Jean. It is then that Lillian Jean starts calling Cassie names (comparing Cassie's "nasty little self" with "decent white folk"), and makes her apologize. Big Ma and Charlie Simms, Lillian Jean's father, force Cassie to do so, and Cassie is also told to call her, "Miz" Lillian Jean. Cassie does not understand why this must be so, and the idea of calling someone "Miz", who is the same age as herself, hits Cassie hard. She takes her revenge by beating Lillian Jean up, and also blackmailing her. It is the first time that Cassie realizes that white and black children are treated differently. It shows how black children are forced to feel inferior to white children. Another cause of racism is where the whites hate the Logan family for owning their own land. Throughout the book, there are many efforts from the white people- mainly, Mr. Granger- to get... ...is saved for the moment, though because of the fact that he is black, it is unlikely that T.J. will be saved. This situation just goes to show that the idea that all men are created equal in the U.S., does not apply to the blacks in Roll of Thunder. I can see from Mildred D. Taylor's Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, that racism affected the black people in the Deep South, years after slavery was abolished. Everywhere you turn, you can see that this issue was a daily part of their lives. The law turned a blind eye to crimes committed against blacks. The education system for blacks was second-rate. Black children were separated from whites from the beginning, thus making the blacks hate whites, as they grew older. Whites did not want blacks to feel in any way equal to them. And from the book, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, I can better understand this issue. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful Es Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. The story is told through the eyes of nine-year-old Cassie Logan, who has to learn throughout the entire book, how harsh the world truly is for blacks. Cassie has to learn that it is a white man's world out there, and that black people don't have much of a say in what goes on in it. There are many events in this book which lead me to say how prejudiced our country was at that time. One thing that stays on my mind is the conflict between Cassie and Lillian Jean, a white girl about the same age as Cassie. During Cassie's first visit to the town of Strawberry, she accidentally bumps into Lillian Jean. It is then that Lillian Jean starts calling Cassie names (comparing Cassie's "nasty little self" with "decent white folk"), and makes her apologize. Big Ma and Charlie Simms, Lillian Jean's father, force Cassie to do so, and Cassie is also told to call her, "Miz" Lillian Jean. Cassie does not understand why this must be so, and the idea of calling someone "Miz", who is the same age as herself, hits Cassie hard. She takes her revenge by beating Lillian Jean up, and also blackmailing her. It is the first time that Cassie realizes that white and black children are treated differently. It shows how black children are forced to feel inferior to white children. Another cause of racism is where the whites hate the Logan family for owning their own land. Throughout the book, there are many efforts from the white people- mainly, Mr. Granger- to get... ...is saved for the moment, though because of the fact that he is black, it is unlikely that T.J. will be saved. This situation just goes to show that the idea that all men are created equal in the U.S., does not apply to the blacks in Roll of Thunder. I can see from Mildred D. Taylor's Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, that racism affected the black people in the Deep South, years after slavery was abolished. Everywhere you turn, you can see that this issue was a daily part of their lives. The law turned a blind eye to crimes committed against blacks. The education system for blacks was second-rate. Black children were separated from whites from the beginning, thus making the blacks hate whites, as they grew older. Whites did not want blacks to feel in any way equal to them. And from the book, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, I can better understand this issue.

The Federal Government

The federal government plays a crucial role in supporting states and local communities to prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters, but the federal role in recovery is not crucial, they mainly hand out cash. The states have their own cash, which allows the state to work on their own issues when they can. They also can use it to heal people through red cross and such. However the government is responsible for helping where they can such as rescue teams, helicopters and the Coast Guard. These people all help with the rescuing of people. This also includes the fire departments and police departments while the EMT's try and heal anyone in need. Another issue though is the government doesn't want to get involved when not needed, or if the state can do it faster. The reasoning for this is that the whenever the government intervenes there is much more paperwork required to get anything done. Florida has prepared by trying to evacuate anyone willing to do so, If the state can get everyone out that they can then they will have less people to worry about once the damage is done. They have also told everyone what to do to keep them safe if they do choose to stay. They also acquire the correct amount of response personal needed, they stock stores with the last bit of resources they can to have their citizens survive without any power. Hurricane Michael was taken care of decently well, they had many things they had to cover and had done so. They shut down schools and stores, closed the roads and pretty much anything else that could pose any other problem. Once the disaster is over there is much destruction and problems to address. They all have to think about all the people either dead or dying as well. Other nations such as Puerto Rico are still dealing with Hurricane Maria do to the lack of preparation, funds, and help. The disasters that can hit or start at any moment all of huge impacts on all of the people around it and the federal government is the only one that helps with natural disasters. Other countries do have emergency preparedness and they have similar situations. So they use all the communication that the certain country has to be used. All in all government and state both play a huge role in the recovery of natural disasters.

Green Computing in Kenya Essay

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to look at what green computing is, why we should care about it and why it is becoming such a force in today’s world. The paper aims to tackle the advantages of green computing not only to businesses but also to individuals as well in their day to day lives. This paper also aims to look at different green computing implementations in Kenya in order to get an understanding of the current state of green computing in the country. Finally, this paper also aims to highlight key barriers and challenges to the implementation of different green computing technologies within the country and suggest a way forward. Introduction In order to look at the current state of green computing in Kenya, we first need to understand what green computing is and what it entails. According to San Murugesan (Murugesan, 2008) in his paper on Harnessing green IT, Green IT (Also known as Green ICT or Green Computing) refers to environmentally sound IT. It focusses on the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using and disposing of computers, servers and any associated subsystems in an effective and efficient manner with minimal to no impact on the environment. These subsystems include things such as monitors, printers, and storage devices as well as other items like communication and networking equipment. Murugesan goes on to say that Green computing also strives to achieve economic viability and improved system performance and use, while abiding to ethical and social responsibilities. It is for this reason that green computing covers areas such as environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, total cost of ownership as well as cost of disposal and even recycling. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one the fastest growing industries in the world. This is due to a combination of different factors, but more recently this growth has been fuelled by the following factors. The first is the rapid pace of technology advancement. The second is the continued drop in prices of various hardware which has led to increased demand and acquisition of said hardware. According to Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., & Omuterema, S. (2012) this rapid growth in ICT is creating lots of challenges especially within developing countries like Kenya. The first of these challenges is that ICT devices have much shorter lifespans. A good example of this is mobile devices which on average are replaces every 2 years. The danger of this is that it creates a lot of Electronic waste (e-waste) which is one of the fastest growing types of waste in the modern world today and one of the most difficult to dispose of in a safe and cost effective manner. As many third world countries rely on hardware donations, most of these obsolete devices will find their way into these countries. This not only increases the rate of harmful emissions, it also endangers the lives of people as well as the environment. This in  turn leads to environmental degradation, increases the cost of doing business as well as power demands and demand for social responsibility. Basically, Green computing is becoming more of a necessity and less of an option. Why Green Computing? As we discussed earlier, ICT is playing an increasingly important role in both Business as well as in Private undertakings. This is true for most of the world as this has been fuelled by the rapid pace at which technology has been advancing. The big question then becomes, â€Å"Why should anyone care about Green Computing/ICT/IT?† In looking at this, we will understand what benefits as well as what challenges we can expect from adopting green computing technologies not only in our businesses, but in our homes as well. According to Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., & Omuterema, S. (2012), green computing focuses on more than just electricity consumption. It goes beyond the function of the ICT department. Green ICT acts as a central enabling technology to many aspects of sustainability. It goes beyond purchasing and usage considerations into how it can be used to lessen other aspects of environmental impact in the other sectors that it supports. The article goes on to say that this sustainability can be achieved through dematerialization and changing physical processes into virtual ones. Green ICT therefore brings together themes concerning the future of our current world, technology as well as the environment. San Murugesan’s article on Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices shares a similar view to that of Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., & Omuterema, S. San Murugesan’s article goes on to say that many of today’s environmental issues are having an impact on the competiveness of the IT business sector. Basically, businesses with the technology and vision to provide products and services that address the various environmental issues we have today, will enjoy some sort of competitive advantage. Many customers are now taking into consideration a service provider’s environmental records as well as initiatives. These factors are having a substantial effect on customers’ purchasing, leasing and outsourcing decisions. What are the benefits? Green computing looks to solve many of the challenges that businesses face today. An example of one of these challenges is higher energy costs. †Businesses face higher energy costs, and they may also incur additional government levies if they do not address the environmental implications of their practices.† (Murugesan, 2008, p.26). â€Å"Investors and customers are beginning to demand more disclosures from companies with regard to their carbon footprint as well as their environmental initiatives and achievements, and they have started discounting share prices of companies that poorly address the environmental problems the create †. This means that many companies today have begun to show their environmental credentials to customers as a way to gaining an upper hand over competitors. Many businesses as well as individuals are also looking to achieve better energy efficiency through adopting green initiatives. This in turn will lead to financial benefits especially when electrical energy is at a premium and energy prices continue to rise. This is actually one of the major reasons for individuals as well as companies to start adopting eco-responsible practices. This means that many companies are bound to prioritize environmental issues for energy efficiency as well as cost-control benefits. An example of this in the real world is companies such as Dell and Wall-Mart. These two companies have both adopted initiatives that force their suppliers to adhere to environmentally sound practices. In a paper titled Pervasiveness of green ICT awareness amongst Kenyan ICT personnel Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., Omuterema, S., & Mutua, S. M., (2013), the writers listed some of the various benefits of green ICT. The benefits of green ICT to the Environment/Society as well as to Companies include the following: Lower carbon emissions. Reduced resource consumption. Compliance with legal requirements. Reduced energy costs. Reduced operating costs of Data Centres. Less Hardware needed. The paper goes a step further by grouping the benefits of green ICT according to the Capital Market, Employees’, Customers’ as well as Public levels. These are shown below: Employees’ level benefits Increased employee satisfaction. Greater loyalty. Easier recruitment. Capital Market level benefits Improved ratings. Higher share prices. Greater company value. Customers’ level benefits Greater customer loyalty. Appeal to new customer groups. Greater customer satisfaction. Public level benefits Improved image. Rounded-out CSR strategy. Greater brand value. Examples/implementations of green computing in Kenya Here we shall look at examples of green computing implementations and initiatives within Kenya. The first example we shall look at is from Tea companies in Kenya go green through carbon finance (2013). Basically, several tea factories from the Nyeri district, all under the management of the Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) chose to go green through a project titled â€Å"Guru Project†. The name Guru Project comes from the nearby Guru River in the Nyeri region. Much of the tea-manufacturing process requires electricity for processes like withering, cutting and drying tea leaves. Unfortunately, the factories would experience frequent power outages and poor power quality. The Guru Project aims to construct a hydro-power plant using water from the Guru River to generate power for the factories, thus allowing them to stop using the national grid. The benefit of this is that it will help reduce carbon emissions by some 38,400 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year. On top of that, the factories will receive additional returns on their investment in lower emissions through carbon credits provided by the Clean Development Mechanism as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The second example we shall look at shows how Kenyan companies that are going green can be rewarded for it. There was an article in the Business Daily from December 10th 2013 that looks at this, Ciuri, S. (2013). The newspaper Article looks at how 2 Kenyan companies that won 6.5 million Kenya Shillings for running green Enterprises. The companies in question are Continental Renewable Energy Company and Wanda Organic Company. Continental Renewable Energy Company converts plastic waste into low cost building materials and they won 4.23 Million Kenya Shillings as a reward. Wanda Organic Company on the other hand is an organic fertiliser Distributor and won 2.16 million Kenya Shillings. They were rewarded the money by Growth Hub which is an initiative to support businesses that want to pursue environmental conservation. The next example looks at how choosing to go green can help you gain a competitive advantage over other companies, as well as gain recognition in certain markets. We shall refer to an article on the East Africa Top 100 website from January 29th 2014, Going green wins entrepreneur the 2013 SME crown (2014). It follows the story of Dinesh Tembherkar who is a mechanical engineer by profession. He founded his own company called Lean Energy Solutions after being unsatisfied with formal employment for many years. Lena Energy Solutions is a company that provides Energy Management consultancy services within East Africa. They have been involved in energy and project management and offer comprehensive energy audits, investment grade audits, trainings in energy management, manufacturing of Lean Briqs and other related projects such as Boiler conversion from oil fired to solid fuel fired and swimming pool heating. Basically, their methodology helps their clientele to improve on productivity and maximize bottom line performance. This has allowed them to differentiate their goods and services from those of competitors, and it allowed them to be recognized as one of Kenya’s fastest growing mid-sized companies in the 2013 edition of the Top 100 mid-sized firms. This competition is held in the form of a survey that is sponsored by the Nation Media Group and the consultancy firm KPMG. Finally, we shall look at how various individual can play a role in contributing to the adoption of Green computing technologies and what impact it can have on their lives. Mbori, C. (n.d.) has a very good article in one of his blogs that looks at the cost of conventional energy in Kenya. In the article we see that Kenya is classified as an energy poor country since majority of the population spend huge amounts of their household income on energy. This is especially true for rural areas. As at the time of writing the article, Kenya only provided 15 percent of the population with access to grid electricity out of which only 4 percent was in rural areas. Less than 25 percent of Kenya’s population had access to modern energy forms. This means that many households in Kenya still rely on older forms of energy for heating, cooking and lighting like kerosene, charcoal and even candles. Kenya is located along the equator, which means that there is an abundance of renewable energy in the form of sunlight which many people are yet to take advantage of. Though, there has been a surge in the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies or solar electric systems. These systems allow you to capture the sun’s energy using photovoltaic cells and can work even on a cloudy day. Many of these PV modules are mainly use for lighting, cell phone charging as well as refrigeration and entertainment. At the time of writing the article, there were more than 200,000 PV modules installed in Kenya. That number was steadily increasing at a rate of around 30,000 PV modules annually. Mwaura, M. (2010) shared a short YouTube video and article about how one old man named Ben Mureithi who is a retired civil servant was able to use renewable energy to better his life. He settled down in a very remote part of Kiserian where there was no electricity and no running water. By installing solar panels, he was able to power his entire home for entertainment, lighting and heated water. To solve his water problem, he was able to capture rain water using  drainage pipes from his roof into a big underground tank. He is able to use the water for his day to day needs and even to irrigate plants that he grows. This proved to be so effective that in 2006 during a drought in the area, he was able to supply water to some other people in the area. People like Mr Mureithi are able to succeed in such harsh areas because they have adopted green technologies and green practices in order to make the best use of the resources available to us all. Another factor that has enabled this is the advent of low-cost solar in Kenya. Traditionally, solar has always been out of the reach of most people because the cost of setting it up has always been high. Low-Cost Solar Invades Kenya (2010) looks at some low cost solar powered technologies and kits which are currently available in Kenya today. The first one the writer looks at is the Solantern which is essentially solar powered lantern that can be charged during the day and runs at night. The lantern was intended to help replace kerosene lamps in many Kenyan households and allow them to save money and the environment at the same time. It was retailing for about 2000 Kenya Shillings in the year 2010. Another low cost solution discussed is the  ToughStuff which is a solar kit that comes with a small solar panel and different kinds of connectors. It can be used to charge a small LED lamp, mobile phones, a rechargeable power pack and some cheap rechargeable D-cell rechargeable batteries for powering other devices. The unit is sold through Chloride Exide in Kenya as well as in a few other shops. These are just a few of the many examples of technologies that promote selfsustainability as well as changing peoples’ lives for the better. Conclusion From what we have discussed in this article, we can see that Kenya still has a long way to go before we are able to achieve any major milestones in regards to green computing and adoption of green technologies. Below we shall look at a few of the major challenges that have prevented us from advancing with regards to green computing. We shall refer to the article Barriers to Implementation of Green ICT in Kenya, (Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., Omuterema, S. 2012, p.832, p.833). Lack of technical skilled or trained manpower in green ICT. (1) Green implementation is too costly. (11) Lack of green ICT workshops/seminars to update knowledge. (5) Overreliance on donations for ICT hardware acquisition. (7) Lack of top management support. (4) The rapid technology changes. (8) Lack of legislation to support green ICT implementations. (6) Existence of policies that hinder green ICT implementation. (10) Not knowing where to start in implementing green ICT. (8) General Resistance to change. (11) No budget is allocated towards implementing. (2) From the article, we see that the number one barrier to implementation of green ICT in Kenya is the lack of technical skilled or trained manpower in green ICT. This goes to show that a lot of work still needs to be done in creating awareness about the importance of going green and the opportunities available by making the switch. The way forward is to first focus on changing peoples’ opinions about green computing as a whole since a lot of the major adoption challenges are due to poor attitude and lack of information in general. It is only in this way  that we can get people to see the importance of creating a self-sufficient country, and all the good it will do not only for the environment but for all citizens as well. References Murugesan, S. (2008). Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved from University of Pittsburgh Website: http://www.pitt.edu/~dtipper/2011/GreenPaper.pdf Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., Omuterema, S. (2012). Barriers to Implementation of Green ICT in Kenya (Vol.2, No.12). International Journal of Science and Technology. Retrieved from e journals of science website: http://ejournalofsciences.org/archive/vol2no12/vol2no12_3.pdf Wabwoba, F., Wanyembi, W. G., Omuterema, S., Mutua, S. M., (2013). Pervasiveness of green ICT awareness amongst Kenyan ICT personnel (Vol.2, No.1). Retrieved from International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management website: http://ijaiem.org/volume2Issue1/IJAIEM-2013-01-15-021.pdf Tea companies in Kenya go green through carbon finance. (2013). Retrieved from UNDP website: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/articles/2013/02/20/sustainable-teacompanies-in-kenya-go-green-through-carbon-finance/ Ciuri, S. (2013). Kenyan firms receive Sh6.5m for going green. BUSINESS DAILY. Retrieved from BUSINESS DAILY Website: http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Kenyan-firmsreceive-Sh6-5m-for-going-green/-/539546/2106862/-/dls7qqz/-/index.html Going green wins entrepreneur the 2013 SME crown. (2014). Retrieved from East

Continuous Reform of the Middle East essays

Continuous Reform of the Middle East essays A lot of changes have happened to the Middle East since the United States of America made a self-declaration that it would commit to helping and bringing a new life to the said country. A new form of governance has been trying to establish, different business activities were gradually initiated, and several political and economic systems were planned and laid down. All these are still in the initial phase of change and reforming the Middle East. But what will happen when the US changed its present leadership? What will happen tight after the election that will commence in 2009? What are the next possible course actions concerning the Middle East? Continuous Reform of the Middle East It should be noted that during the past couple of years, majority of the citizens in the Middle East (from the Islamist-inspired urban poor to emancipated women concerned about personal status rights) have been so keen and involved about their country's political system. They are so involved that they are willing to do any, accept ideas or debate over anything that will reinforce the use of their own government system "as a tool for exploring political dynamics in the region" (Kipper, 2001). Many are thinking that Middle East is not ready for the proposed reform of the Bush administration and that the country is not welcoming the idea of having a civil society. However, the current situation of the country speaks clearly that it is indeed ready to have a civil society. In fact, the factors that were initially thought to be unfavorable for the development of civil society are now seen as the opportunities to create one. These factors are now perceived as the possible "forces for the development of civility, civisme, and the rights of citizenship" (Kipper, 2001). Combined with social developments once celebrated by the "modernization" school (e.g., rising literacy rates, and growing middle classes . . .), conditions are not altogether unfavora...

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example issues and trends continually emerge subjecting not only the understanding of CSR but also defining best policies and practices that would make CSR truly socially responsive. CSR advocates strongly believe that the practice of CSR is indeed beneficial to all, but could it be possible when stakeholders see business from different lens as dictated by their own interest? If ever this may be true, how far does CSR satisfy the demands of the many stakeholders – the consumers, the wider community (local, regional, and international) and supply chain members? Answering these questions would surely lead us to various issues that would bring us to realise that CSR matters more than ever as socio-economic disparity widens, as transnational corporations are more and more protested, and as corporate governance scandals – from Enron to WorldCom (Hopkins 2003, p. xi) and lately the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac scandal in US housing (Cristie, 2007) – shock the economy, harming people’s lives. But before going any further, one basic issue that needs imperative attention, as this will help put things into proper perspective, is defining CSR, as Hopkins (2007, p. 15) rightly argued, â€Å"The lack of widely agreed definition contributed to misunderstanding and cynicism towards the concept itself.† What is this CSR that rocks the business world all about? With many stakeholders – the consumers, wider community (local, regional, international), and supply chain members – pursuing their own interest, it is unsurprising to know that the definition of CSR in literatures vary. From among these definitions three are chosen for their distinct emphases. CSR covers the relationship between corporations (or other large organizations) and the societies with which they interact. CSR also includes the responsibilities that are inherent on both sides of these relationships. CSR defined society in its widest sense, and on many levels, to include all stakeholder and constituent groups

Research a hospitality business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research a hospitality business - Essay Example Starbucks has been in the UK since 1998 when they purchased 65 Seattle Coffee stores that were already located in the UK. The reason that Starbucks bought these companies was because they shared a common culture. Both companies had a commitment to create customised coffee, they had similar values, a mutual respect for their customers, their employees, and they had a commitment to the environment. This information prompted them to buy Seattle Coffee as a way to reach out to the UK community (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011a). Overview of the Business Starbucks actually began in 1971 when they were a roaster and a retailer for whole bean, ground coffee, and tea and spices. At that time, they owned one store in Pike Place Market in Seattle, WA, USA. They were a private company at that time and did not become a public company until 1992 and 1993. At that time, they decided to look for locations in large cities so that they would have a 'hub' store with smaller stores around in these locat ions. They hired what they called 'zone presidents' to oversee the new stores; each zone president had many years of experience in marketing chain stores (Thompson and Gamble, 1997). Starbucks was able to easily identify those retail sites that would be best for theirs stores. They hired a real estate team who was versed in the coffee bar industry and they instituted a 'sophisticated system' that allowed them to identify the locations that would be best for their stores. They were able to track each area in such a way that they also found attractive city blocks where they could start their stores (Thompson and Gamble, 1997). Today, they have 17,000 companies in 50 countries and they continue to grow (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011a). Starbucks took its name from the book, Moby Dick by Herman Melville. Starbucks was the name of the first mate in the story. They boast that they have millions of customers world wide and they enjoy serving them the best coffee possible. Starbucks has 70 0 stores across the UK (Farrell, 2010). Every business must start with a mission and Starbucks mission is 'to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time' (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011b, p.1). With this mission, they know exactly what they want to do when they go into each new country or new city. Processes and Systems Starbucks has been able to institute specific processes and systems in their company that worked. They have used the same system in each of the countries they moved into because it worked. Food and beverages purchasing Starbucks purchases coffee from farmers around the world. They basically have four brands that they sell all of their beverages under. These brands are: 'Starbucks Coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Tazo Tea, and Torrefazione Italia Coffee' (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011b, p.2). In the UK, Starbucks has only introduced a few of its products which include: Via, a new instant coffee that people c an purchase at Tesco stores Starbucks Whole Bean Coffees, Starbucks Discoveries Chilled Coffees, and Starbucks Doubleshot Expresso drinks (Puget Sound Business Journal, 2010). Dave Olsen who is Starbucks' senior vice president for coffee, travelled around the world to coffee growing companies and talked to farmers to find the richest quality coffee beans that would produce the best flavour. Starbucks bought the beans above the price that they would